DCF Valuation

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Evaluate the intrinsic value of stocks based on cash flow projections and margin of safety.

AA
Apple Inc.
AAPL · NASDAQ
Custom Model |
Stoxly fair value estimate
$171.67 vs current $208.50 -17.7% below price
Bear $146 Current Bull $197

Stoxly's model estimates a fair value of $171.67 — about 18% below today's price. To justify the current price, the market is implying higher growth than Apple's recent pace. Whether that's reasonable depends on your view of services and AI as new growth engines.

Valuation method
Current Cash Flow
FCF Model
DCF Results
Fair value $224.80
Upside +7.8%
Implied IRR 9.6%
EV / EBITDA 22.4x
Interactive Guide
6.5% Click value to edit
7.2% Your edits
11.12% 🔒 Calculated formula
Model Scope
Consensus '25–'27 (Analysts) · Stoxly '28–'34 (Fade) · Edit Revenue, Growth, Margin, Tax, or Capex
10-year projections $ millions
Consensus Stoxly Edited
WACC builder
8.4%derived
Risk-free rate4.30%10y UST
Equity risk premium5.50%Damodaran
Beta (5y)1.05FMP
→ Cost of equity11.12% 🔒CAPM
Cost of debt (a.t.)3.40%FMP
D/V weight21%FMP
Multi-stage growth
High growth Y1–3 · 6.5% Transition Y4–7 · fade Mature Y8–10 · 4.5%
Terminal growth2.5%
Terminal methodGordon
TV / Total EV62% heavy
ⓘ Model not suitable
Why Stoxly doesn't run a DCF here

DCF doesn't work well for banks.

For most companies, cash flow is what's left after running the business. For banks, cash flow is the business — they earn money by holding deposits and lending them out, so "free cash flow" doesn't measure profitability the way it does for Apple or Microsoft.

Running a standard DCF on JPMorgan would produce a misleading number.

Stoxly would rather show you nothing than show you something wrong.

That said, banks are routinely valued on earnings. If you'd like a rough lens, the Quick Model can value JPM on EPS and an exit multiple — a cross-check, with P/B and ROE still the primary gauges.

P/B Ratio
1.68×
vs sector avg 1.35×
What you pay per dollar of the bank's book value. For banks, book value is the cleanest gauge of size.
ROE
17.2%
vs sector avg 11.4%
Return on shareholder equity. Above 15% is strong for a major bank.
Net Interest Margin
2.71%
5y range 1.8–2.8%
The gap between what JPM earns on loans and pays on deposits. The core engine of a bank's profitability.
CET1 Capital Ratio
15.3%
vs 11.0% required
How much of a financial cushion JPM holds. Higher = safer in a downturn.
Value JPM on earnings instead
Quick Model · EPS method
Compare JPM to its peers
BAC, WFC, C, GS
Why DCF fails for banks
Full explainer · 4 min read
Step 1 of 4